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Similarity/dissimilarity analysis of genomic data on the basis of graphical representation
Těthal, Jiří ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
The work deals with the identification of species of animal through the density of nucleotids of mitochondrial gene CO1. In the first part the theory summarized information about DNA barcoding and the mitochondria, cellular organel that with this method is closely related. The second part deals with virtually comparing different sequences using the density of nucleotides. For this it was created program, which uses two functions, the first of the specified nucleotide sequence calculates the density and one can compare the density by distance methods.
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Comparison of mitochondrial DNA for species identification
Labounek, René ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
The work deals with the method of recognizing species on the analysis of mitochondrial DNA segment. This analysis and classification using segment gene called CO1 in literatures such as barcode of life. In the beginning of work is analyzed the mitochondrial theory of heredity and conditions of formation of barcode. Practical use is based on this theory in creating database of barcodes generated to different animal species. Data used for creating the library are drawn from public databases NCBI and BOLD Systems. The next part of this work concerns about methods of comparison of the individual barcodes to the others and especially to the barcode of human. Three main computing methods were used tore these analyses: Needleman-Wunsch algorithm, Smith- Waterman algorithm and comparison of similarities using distance matrix. This work also concerns about transformation of DNA molecule sequences from symbols to numeric formats, which is required for the distance matrix comparison method. Algorithms for searching for a barcode of a species and vice versa were created to ease the work with data.
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Effect of nucleotide density vector's reduction on molecular identification of organisms
Kosková, Markéta ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
This work deals with the effect of nucleotide density vector's reduction on molecular identification of organisms. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the work explains the concept of species, its development and its mutations. The next section provides basics of taxonomy, particularly the molecular taxonomy and DNA barcoding, with a description of mitochondrial DNA and its usability in the identification of species. The end of the theoretical part provides information about the nucleotide density vectors which the practical part is focused on. Analysis of auxiliary values on nucleotide density vectors was accomplished in Matlab by evaluating 188 real DNA barcode sequences. The identification analysis of organism was performed with the best auxiliary value for 4 datasets of the reference barcode sequences and 5 datasets of analyzed sequences of same organisms. Afterwards, the evaluation of the analysis was done by using separate nucleotide density vectors of individual nucleotides and their amounts.
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Business Plan - the Product Launch
Renč, Miroslav ; Navrátil, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rompotl, Jaroslav (advisor)
The main topic of the bachelor thesis is to develop a business plan focused how to deal with presentation of new wine varieties to the market. The family winery called Kadrnka for example, which produces classic wine varieties and new wine varieties too. My solution is based on specific plans, environmental analysis and application of all informations and knowledge what I have learned during my studies.
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Význam ekotonálních společenstev les-bezlesí a jejich charakteristik pro složení ornitofauny
Svoboda, Petr
Ecotonal communities are a specific habitat for a number of different organisms. This bachelor's thesis examines and compares the composition of bird nesting communities in forest-non-forest ecotonal communities and in adjacent forest-no-forest biotopes. Bird community research was carried out in 2021 used three terms of bird censuses at 90 points systematically distributed in 30 selected locations representing the forest-no-forest ecotone with different characteristics. A total of 54 bird species were recorded, 39 species in forest habitats, 3 in forestless habitats and 37 in the forest-forestless ecotone. The most abundant species were the Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita Vieillot, 1817), Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758) and the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla Linnaeus, 1758). The species composition and diversity of the bird communities differed significantly between the monitored biotopes, with the forestless communities being significantly poorer than the forest and ecotone communities. The bird community of the ecotone was made up of a combination of forest and non-forest species, but it also hosted species specific to the ecotone, such as the Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella Linnaeus, 1758), Tree Pipit (Anthus trivialis Linnaeus, 1758) and the Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis Linnaeus, 1758). The proportion of the forest edge with shrubs was confirmed as the most significant characteristic of the forest-no-forest ecotone with a significant influence on the composition of bird communities, where eight species were confirmed to prefer locations with a higher proportion of shrubs along the forest edge and only two species preferred the ecotone with a minimum of shrubs.
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Hybridisation of cyprinid fishes in the Czech Republic: genetic and morphometric analysis of the subfamily Leuciscinae
Kaufman, Vít ; Musilová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Choleva, Lukáš (referee)
Hybridization is a process when two interspecific individuals mate and spawn. When backcrossing it often goes hand in hand with admixing unrelated genome into the genome of a species. Nowadays it is well established that hybridization is not as uncommon as it was believed. Especially in vertebrates fish are quite common in such phenomena. In Leuciscids, the family of order Cypriniformes is relatively frequent. It is a rife family in the European freshwater systems. Factors that contribute to such frequent hybridization are extraneous fertilization, sympatric occurrence, competition for spawning grounds, and other ecophysiological traits. It was known since the second half of 20th century that this is an ongoing phenomenon in many species of this family. Previous research was focused mainly on morphological traits. The relative pinnacle of such research was based on allozymic analysis. The goal of our project was to evaluate the level of hybridization in the main water bodies of the Czech Republic with the main focus on the detection of involved hybrid species, the level of such hybridization, and the phenotypic characterization of hybrid individuals. For that reason, it was sampled over 400 specimens giving a dataset of 381 individuals. Tissue samples were sampled for DNA isolation and each of the...
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Evolution of the genus Malus with a particular reference to old and local cultivars
Polcar, Václav ; Urfus, Tomáš (advisor) ; Macková, Lenka (referee)
The following work deals with the genus Malus in terms of the significant diversity that this genus represents. It summarizes a basic knowledge about the taxonomic position and world centers of the genus evolution. Part of the thesis also discussed reproductive mechanisms as a source of the genus diversity. The thesis then focuses on the species Malus domestica, its evolution and the hybrid origin. In this context, old varieties of apple trees, their significance and pomologically important regions of the Czech Republic are presented. An integral part of this work is also devoted to the protection of old varieties, its limits and possibilities. The protection of old varieties also encompasses the extensive orchard as an important agroecosystem. Finally, different Czech regions are compared with respect to the quantity of reported old varieties.
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Odrůdové sortimenty rodu Lavandula ve světle historických dat
Vančurová, Lucie
The bachelor's thesis on the topic Varietal assortments of the genus Lavandula in the light of historical data deals in more detail with the genus Lavandula from the botanical, geographical, cultivation and breeding point of view. It also includes topics about the history, taxonomy and use of lavender in our country and in the world. The main goal of this work was to develop a study presenting an assortment of varieties of the genus Lavandula as a contribution to the reconstruction of historic gardens and parks. Introduce the described cultivars in terms of botanical, geographical, cultivation and breeding and last but not least compare the use of historical varieties with current ones. In elaborating this work, I based on the study of period sources, on the basis of which I studied which varieties were grown mainly in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century. I see the application of this work mainly in garden architecture, where it can serve as a basis for the restoration of historic parks and gardens.
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